Web Development Class - PGD 2024/2025

Web Development Class Students

Meet the talented students of our Post Graduate Diploma (PGD) Web Development class for the academic session 2024/2025 at Redeemer's University.

Photo	Student Name	Student ID	Status
OF	Oluwakayode Fafiyebi	RUN/CMP/24/18200	Active
TA	Temitope Adebayo	RUN/CMP/24/17876	Active
TW	Taiye Williams	RUN/CMP/24/17878	Active
KW	Kehinde Williams	RUN/CMP/24/18202	Active
AA	Aishat Akingbade	RUN/CMP/24/18205	Active
OA	Oluwatemitayo Aladejebi	RUN/CMP/24/18164	Active
OC	Opelami Caleb	RUN/CMP/24/18174	Active
IT	Ifeoluwa Tijesuni	RUN/CMP/24/18196	Active

Internet vs World Wide Web

Understanding the distinction between the Internet and the World Wide Web is fundamental to web development. While often used interchangeably, they are distinctly different concepts.

Aspect	Internet	World Wide Web (WWW)
Definition	A global network of interconnected computers and servers	A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet
Nature	Physical infrastructure (hardware and networking protocols)	Software application that runs on the Internet
Invention	1960s (ARPANET)	1989-1991 (Tim Berners-Lee)
Protocol	TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)	HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
Services	Email, FTP, VoIP, Gaming, Web, etc.	Websites, web pages, web applications
Access Method	Various applications and protocols	Web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.)
Scope	Global network infrastructure	Subset of Internet services

Key Points:

Internet is the foundation - the massive network of networks that connects computers worldwide
World Wide Web is one of many services that runs on top of the Internet
You can use the Internet without the Web (email, file transfer, gaming)
You cannot use the Web without the Internet
The Web uses URLs, HTML, and HTTP to function

History of the Internet

The Internet's development spans several decades, evolving from a military research project to the global communication backbone we know today.

1962

Concept Birth: J.C.R. Licklider of MIT and ARPA proposed the concept of a "Galactic Network" of interconnected computers.

1969

ARPANET: First message sent between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute. Four nodes connected: UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, and University of Utah.

1971

Email: Ray Tomlinson sent the first network email and introduced the @ symbol for email addresses.

1973

TCP/IP Development: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn began developing TCP/IP protocol suite, the foundation of modern Internet.

1983

Internet Protocol: ARPANET adopted TCP/IP, creating the technical foundation for the modern Internet.

1989

Commercial Internet: First commercial ISPs appeared. The Internet began its transition from academic to commercial use.

1991

World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee created the first website and web browser at CERN, making the Internet accessible to the general public.

1993

Mosaic Browser: First popular web browser with graphics capability, leading to explosive Internet growth.

2000s

Broadband Era: High-speed Internet became widely available, enabling multimedia content and modern web applications.

2010s-Present

Mobile Internet: Smartphones and mobile devices became the primary Internet access method for billions of users worldwide.

History of HTML

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the foundation of web content, evolving significantly since its creation to support modern web applications.

1989

Concept: Tim Berners-Lee proposed HTML as part of his World Wide Web project at CERN.

1991

HTML 1.0: First version with 22 basic tags including <title>, <h1>-<h6>, <p>, <a>, and <img>.

1995

HTML 2.0: First standardized version by IETF, introducing forms, tables, and more structured elements.

1997

HTML 3.2: W3C standardization, added support for tables, applets, and text flow around images.

1999

HTML 4.01: Major revision introducing CSS support, scripting, accessibility features, and internationalization.

2000

XHTML 1.0: XML-based version of HTML with stricter syntax rules and better structure.

2014

HTML5: Modern standard with semantic elements, multimedia support, APIs, and enhanced forms.

2021-Present

Living Standard: HTML is now a "living standard" continuously updated by WHATWG.

Key HTML5 Features:

Semantic elements: <header>, <nav>, <main>, <article>, <section>, <footer>
Multimedia: <video>, <audio>, <canvas>
Enhanced forms: new input types, validation
APIs: Geolocation, Local Storage, Web Workers
Improved accessibility and mobile support

CSS Styling in HTML

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) control the presentation and layout of HTML documents, separating content from design.

What is CSS?

CSS is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of HTML documents. It controls layout, colors, fonts, spacing, and visual effects.

Ways to Include CSS in HTML:

1. Inline CSS

Applied directly to HTML elements using the style attribute:

<p style="color: blue; font-size: 18px;">This is inline CSS</p>

2. Internal CSS

Defined within the <style> tag in the HTML document head:

<head>
    <style>
        p {
            color: blue;
            font-size: 18px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

3. External CSS

Separate CSS file linked to HTML document:

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>

CSS Selectors:

Element: p { color: red; }
Class: .className { color: blue; }
ID: #idName { color: green; }
Attribute: [type="text"] { border: 1px solid gray; }
Pseudo-classes: a:hover { color: orange; }

CSS Box Model:

Every HTML element is treated as a rectangular box with:

Content: The actual content of the element
Padding: Space between content and border
Border: Border around the padding
Margin: Space outside the border

Modern CSS Features:

Flexbox: One-dimensional layout method
Grid: Two-dimensional layout system
Responsive Design: Media queries for different devices
Animations: CSS transitions and keyframe animations
Custom Properties: CSS variables for reusable values

History of JavaScript

JavaScript has evolved from a simple scripting language to the backbone of modern web development and beyond.

1995

Birth: Brendan Eich created JavaScript at Netscape in just 10 days. Originally called "LiveScript," then "JavaScript."

1996

Standardization: Netscape submitted JavaScript to ECMA International for standardization.

1997

ECMAScript 1: First standardized version of JavaScript (ECMA-262).

1999

ECMAScript 3: Added regular expressions, try/catch, and better string handling. Became widely adopted.

2005

AJAX Revolution: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML enabled dynamic web applications without page reloads.

2009

ECMAScript 5: Added strict mode, JSON support, array methods, and property getters/setters.

2009

Node.js: Ryan Dahl created Node.js, bringing JavaScript to server-side development.

2015

ECMAScript 6 (ES2015): Major update with classes, modules, arrow functions, promises, and template literals.

2015-Present

Modern JavaScript: Annual releases with continuous improvements. JavaScript now powers web, mobile, desktop, and server applications.

JavaScript Today:

Frontend: React, Vue, Angular frameworks
Backend: Node.js, Express.js
Mobile: React Native, Ionic
Desktop: Electron applications
AI/ML: TensorFlow.js

Number Guessing Game

Test your luck with this JavaScript-powered number guessing game! Try to guess 5 numbers between 0 and 20.

Guess 5 Numbers (0-20)

Enter your 5 guesses and see how many you got right!